Overview
GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex) is a naturally occurring human plasma tripeptide that declines sharply with age — from ~200ng/mL at age 20 to ~80ng/mL by age 60. It acts as a potent tissue remodeling signal, activating genes involved in collagen/elastin synthesis, antioxidant defenses, and anti-inflammatory responses. Loren Pickart's pioneering research identified it as a master regulator of tissue repair.
Mechanism of action
GHK-Cu binds copper(II) ions and delivers them to tissues where copper-dependent enzymes (lysyl oxidase, superoxide dismutase) require them. It activates TGF-β signaling for collagen synthesis, upregulates decorin and other proteoglycans for matrix remodeling, and downregulates TNF-α and IL-6. Genome-wide analysis shows it modulates over 4,000 human genes, including tumor suppressor pathways.
Selected literature
- [01]
GHK-Cu and gene expression in skin remodeling
Pickart L. & Margolina A. · Biomolecules · 2018
GHK-Cu reset gene expression patterns in aged skin fibroblasts toward a younger phenotype, upregulating 322 genes and downregulating 230.
- [02]
Copper peptide GHK-Cu as a systemic wound healing agent
Pickart L. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 1973
GHK-Cu was isolated from human plasma as a potent stimulator of tissue regeneration and collagen synthesis in wound healing assays.
- [03]
GHK tripeptide and anti-inflammatory activity
Canapp S.O. et al. · Wound Repair and Regeneration · 2003
GHK-Cu significantly reduced inflammatory markers and accelerated wound closure in a controlled canine wound healing trial.
The information on this page is summarized from the published research literature and is provided for reference and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice and should not be used to guide treatment decisions. Our peptides are sold for in-vitro research and laboratory use only.