Overview
MOTS-C (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-C) is a 16-amino acid mitochondria-derived peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome. It acts as a metabolic regulator that translocates to the nucleus under stress to activate AMPK and promote glucose uptake. Research shows it enhances exercise capacity, insulin sensitivity, and age-related metabolic decline.
Mechanism of action
MOTS-C activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) in skeletal muscle, stimulating glucose transporter GLUT4 expression and uptake independent of insulin. It inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine biosynthesis, increasing AICAR levels which further activate AMPK. Under exercise stress it translocates to the nucleus to modulate gene expression linked to mitochondrial biogenesis.
Selected literature
- [01]
MOTS-C: a mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism
Lee C. et al. · Cell Metabolism · 2015
MOTS-C activated AMPK in skeletal muscle, improved insulin sensitivity, and prevented diet-induced obesity in mouse models.
- [02]
Exercise-induced mitochondrial peptide MOTS-C promotes physical performance
Reynolds J.C. et al. · Nature Communications · 2021
Exogenous MOTS-C administration enhanced running capacity and muscle function in aged mice, mimicking benefits of exercise training.
- [03]
MOTS-C and the regulation of metabolic homeostasis
Kim S.J. et al. · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · 2021
MOTS-C coordinated nuclear and mitochondrial stress responses, supporting its role as a systemic metabolic regulator.
The information on this page is summarized from the published research literature and is provided for reference and educational purposes only. It is not medical advice and should not be used to guide treatment decisions. Our peptides are sold for in-vitro research and laboratory use only.